Respiratory System
Today’s Lecture
History
Hippocratic treatments of respiratory diseases
Terms
Anatomical terms, symptomatic and diagnostic terms
Upper vs. Lower respiratory tract
Conducting passages
Upper respiratory tract, nasal cavity pharynx, larynx
Lower respieratory tract trachea, primary bronchi, etc.
Anatomical terms
Glottis (gr. Mouth of windpipe)
Epiglottis-(epi(upon)-glottis) closes off the trachea
NB. Glottis-ulimately derived from the greek word for tongue (glotta)
Trachea
Gr. Trakheia arteria lit. rough airpipe
NB. Trachy-rough; thachyphonia(rough, horse voice), dysphonia(difficult to speak with a horse voice)
Artery is a carrier of air.
Anatomical terms: carina(ridge or anatomical spine)
Left and right bronchi
Anatomical Terms
Carina-L. keel of a boat-structure with a projecting central ridge
Argo navis (Jason and the argonots)
Stroma-foundation-supporting tissues of an organ. i.e. connective tissue
Gr. Stroma-anything spread out for lying or sitting on. i.e. like a bed covering
Parenchyma-functional tissue of an organ
Gr. Parenchuma-anything poured in beside
Symptomatic terms
-pnea
Eu-good
Brady-slow
Trachy-fast
Hypo-shallow
Hyper-deep
Dys-difficult
A-lack of
Ortho-upright
Breathing sounds
Crackles/rales (fr. Rrattle)
Intermittent, nonmusical and brief
Poping/Velcro sound
Wheezes/Rhonchi (gr. Rhoncus-a snore)
Continuously during inspiration or expiration
High pitched and have a shrill or squeaking quality
Stridor (l. stridor-whistling cry)
High pitched harsh sound heard only during inspiration
Symptomatic: lung sounds
Crackles-sound 1
Course rales
Indicative of bronchiectasis or atelectasis
Sound 2-stridor
Stridor
Obstruction of the upper airway (trachea or larynx)
Sound 3-wheezes/rhonchi
Wheezes/rhonchi
Asthma or emphysema
Sound 4-darth vader
General symptomatic terms
You notice your patient’s voice is hoarse and he tells you that he has been spitting up blood. What are the medical terms for these symptoms?
Hemoptysis—ptysis=expectoration/spitting
Dysphonia-phon/o=voice (gr. Phone-voice or sound)
Ancient treatment of hemoptysis
Blood is getting in the lungs so they would tie off all limbs.
Diagnostic terms
Pleural effusion
Pyothorax=empyema
Hemothorax(blood in the pleural space)
Chylothorax(cial(lymph) in the pleural space)
Hydrothorax(seris fliud in the pleural space)
Hippocratic treatment of empyema
Listen, take a metal tube and cut a whole under the rib and drain out, then pulled out the metal tube and let heal by itself.
Pneumothorax=collapsed lung
Hippocratic fallen lung
A is how we think of them
B is how the hippocratics looked at it
C is why they though the rubbery sound happened.
Animals have small lungs so they thought we have small lungs.
Would blow up the lungs to get it to move back to the correct place
Restrictive vs. obstructive pulmonary disease
Restrictive: restrictive pulmonary diseases cause lungs to lose their ability to hold as much air as usual
Obstructive: decreased expiratory flow
Normal, pneumoconiosis(restrictive), emphysema(obstructive)
Pneumoconiosis
Healthy lung vs. lung suffering from pneumoconiosis
Diagnostic Terms
Asthma (gr. Panting)
Status asthmaticus(status-condition(chronic) status-standing)
Emphysema(gr. Emphysan-to inflate)
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis-(cyst/o-gr. Kystis-bladder)Fibr/o-l-fibra-thread
Mucus blocks air sacs (albeoli) in the lungs
Mucus blocks pancreatic ducts
Pancreatic duct
Pulmonary edema
Accumulation of fluid in the air sacs (aveoli) in the lungs
Diagnostic terms
Atelectasis
Atel/o=imperfect, incomplete
Tele-distance tel/o, teleo-end, completion
Airless portion of the lung.
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Tubercle(l. tuberculum-little swelling)
Rounded spot on the bone, small nodular lesion, grandular tissue(granuloma)
Caseous necrosis (ger. Kase) cheese like wasting away of tissue
No comments:
Post a Comment