Nervous System & psychiatry
‘Midway through the exam, Allen pulls out a bigger brain’
Today’s Lecture
History
Galen, nemesius of emesa, brain mapping
Terminology
Combining forms
Combining forms for the nervous system
Cerebr/o cerebrum(L. brain) cerebral cortex(pertaining to the cerebrum, cortex outer portion)
Cortic/o cortex(l. rind)
Cerebrum and cerebellum
Cerebrum, corpus callosum, cerebellum, pons(bridge), medulla
Cerebell/o cerebellum (l. small brain) cerebellifugal( )/cerebellipetal( )
Fugal-L. fugere-to flee
Petal-l. petere-to seek
Efferent(away)/afferent(towards)
Encephal/o entire brain encephalatrophy(atrophy of the whole brain) / encephalomere(-mere part of the brain)
Pons , ponti-, pontifex maximus (fex-maker the greatest maker of a bridge) (high priest)
Combining forms for the nervous system and psychiatry
Ventricul/o ventricle (little belly or pouch) ventriculogram (picture of a ventricle)/ventriloquist(speaking from their stomach)
Ventricular system of the human brain
Central part of the left lateral ventricle, third ventricle,…etc.
Galen, Nemesuis of Emesa and Brainmapping
Christian philosopher/bishop,
c. 390 AD, on the Nature of man
frontal cavities-sensation and imagination
central cavity-intellectual thought
posterior cavity-memory
Galen didn’t map the brain, nemesius of emesa was the first to map the brain, he wasn’t a physician. ‘I want to prove that god created the human body’ Leonardo diVinci
Lobe, Gyrus, Modern brain mapping
Frontal lobe, premotor area, motor area, general sensory area, sensory association area, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, visual association area, visual area, etc
Homunculus (little man)
Homo- man or human being , same
Combining forms for the nervous system & psychiatry
Thalam/o thalamus/ chamber
Takes care of all sensation, hypothalamus –regulates metabolism fluid retention.
Thalamus-chamber or inner room in an ancient greek house place where the mistress slept and you would keep your most valuable possesstions
Mening/o meninges (membrane) meningomalacia
Meningi/o myelomalacia/spondylomalacia
Menix-pl. meninges (gr. Membrane)
Dura mater arachnoid pia mater brain
The meninges are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
Arachne and Minerva (Athena)
Arachne can weave very well, Athena is the godess of the arts. Arachne says shes better than Athena. Athena says are you sure want to say you’re better than Athena and she says yeah I’m better. Athena hits arachne over the head and arachne hangs herself and Athena turns her into a spider so she can weave the rest of her life.
Gangli/o ganglion (gr. Knot) ganglion
Ganglion
Gli/o glue gliocyte (glue cell)
Astrocyte (star cell)
Glial cell-gliocyte
Ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes , astrocytes, microglial cells, dendrites
Gnos/o knowing agnosia (abnormal condition no knowledge)(no knowledge of sensations coming to you)
Esthesi/o sensation paresthesia (abnormal sensation)
Sthen/o strength myasthenia gravis (lack of muscle strength)
-mnesia memory amnesia(lack of memory)/paramnesia(abnormal memory)
Stere/o 3 dimensional or solid astereognosis (lack of knowledge of three dimensional objects)
Top/o place atopognosia (condition where there is a lack of knowledge of place)
Somat/o body somatanesthesia(loss of body sensation)
Narc/o stupor, sleep narcotic (drug that affects the central nervous system but brings about sleep)
Somn/o sleep somnambulism (sleep walking)
Hypn/o hypnosis, sleep, sleep inducing hypnonarcosis (condition where the person is hypnotized and is accentuated and given narcotics)
Thanat/o death thanatobiological (pertaining to life and death or process of)
Thanatos( god of a warriors death) and hypnos (god of sleep)
-lepsy seizure narcolepsy (falling asleep)
Gr. Lepsis-taking hold, seizing
NB lept/o-thin, slight, delicate; e.g. leptomeninges (thin or delicate membranes)
-plexy stroke apoplexy(stroke/bad hemorrhaging in an organ)
NB. Plexus (l. braid) brachial plexus(pertaining to arm, network of nerves, or arteries)
Kinesi/o movement dyskinetic
Tax/o order or coordination ataxic speech (uncoordinated speech)
-paresis slighter paralysis oroparesis
-plegia paralysis glossoplegia
-asthenia weakness phonasthenia (weakness of speech)/ myasthenia gravis
NB. Esthesi/o(sensation) and sthen/o(strength)
No comments:
Post a Comment