Learning Today:
Medical history
Greek and Latin origins of medical terms
Hippocratates and the Hippocratic corpus
Rod of Asclepius
Origins of medical terms
Most medical terms have Greek and Latin origins
Most diagnostic and surgical terms have greek origins
Most analytical terms have Latin origins
Hippocrates and the Hippocratic Corpus
5-4 BC
NB L. Corpus pl. corpora, body e.g. marine corps, corporeal, corpse, corpus callasum, and corpus uteri.
Greeks don’t due divine causality meaning Gods don’t cause disease.
Hippocrates founder of modern medicine physician of 5th century.
Greeks conquered by Romans. Roman empire split.
Callosum means hard
Aphorism 1.1 (Proverb)
Bio-life
Brachy-Brachi-short
Techno-art
Macro-long
Oxi-oxy- sharp/acute
Life is short art of medicine is long, opportunity is only a little…
Rod of Asclepius (God of medicine) (1 stick, 1 snake)
Caduceus of Hermes (Taker to underworld) (1 stick, two snakes, wings)
16th century came to America in 1902
Anatomy and Latin
16th century renaissance anatomy
20th century standardization of anatomical terminology
After Galin anatomy stops
Andreae Vesalii started fresh ignored Galin.
Term components
The three components of medical terms:
Roots-Foundation/subject of the term.
Suffix-ending that gives essential meaning to the term (verb)
Prefix-added to the beginning of a term when needed to further modify the root.
Combining vowels
A vowel, usually an ‘o’ is used to join a root to another root/to a suffix:sacr/o
The letter I is the second most common combining vowel: Aur/i
The root plus its combining vowel is termed the ‘combining form’
Hyperlipemia
Prefix-hyper-meaning excess
Root-lip-meaning fat
Suffix-emia-meaning blood
Rules
1) A combining vowel is used to join a root to root as well as to a suffix beginning with a consonant
Cardi o logy
Cardi o vascul ar
2) A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a vowel
Vas/o-ectomy
Vas-ectomy
3) If the root ends in a vowel and the suffix begins with the same vowel, drop the final vowel from the root and do not use a combining vowel
Peri cardi/o it is
If a root ends with a vowel and the suffix begins with another vowel, then what?
Angi/o ectasis = angiectasis
4) Most often a combining vowel is inserted between two roots even when the second root begins with a vowel
Gastr/o enter/o ology
5) When a prefix ends in a vowel and the root begins with a vowel, the final vowel is usually retained with the prefix a hyphen is added.
Peri- oro al = perioral
Intra- abdomen/o al = intra-abdominal
NB para enter/o
Prefix cv root cv suffix
Cardi ac
Cardi o logy
Card(i) it is the (i) is dropped
Peri card(i) ium the (i) is dropped
Cardi ectomy
Most medical terms are built from the root
Diseases and techniques named after scientists and physicians
Hippocratic fingers
Mythological characters
Proteus (change shape)
Prefixes and suffixes are attached to the root to modify the root.
Occasionally, terms are formed by a root alone or combination of roots (noun)
Ov/i duct –oviduct (conveys eggs)
Sometimes a term is just a prefix and suffix with no root
Meta stasis = metastasis
Def. though analysis
1) Suffix
2) The prefix (if one is present)
3) Then, the root/roots
Enterocculitis
Inter/enter/o/col/it is
(P)b/w/(R)intestines/(CV)o/(R)colon/(S) inflammation
Inflammation between intestines and colon
Melan/o-black
-edema-swelling
Rule: swelling black
Interal: Black Swelling
Medical: Black deposit in the lungs typically found in coal miners
Anthrocosis
Anthrac/o-coal/carbon/carbuncle (Gr. Anthrax, coal)
-osis-condition
NB. The disease anthrax takes its name from the large black skin lesions formed with cutaneous anthrax
Anthracosilicosis
Antraco/silic/osis
Know
Common prefixes
Common C.F.
Common suffixes
Pp 13-26 (2008)
No comments:
Post a Comment