Ch. 5 Cardiovascular System
Today’s Lecture
History
Aristotle’s heart
Terms
Combining forms
Aristotle’s Heart
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Most important organ
Vital heat, intellect, motion, sensation
Three-Chambered
Left, right, and middle cavities (koiliai)
Beyond the natural world, what is good, what is bad. Metaphysical. Aristotle was interested in how the world itself worked. He liked to look at comparative anatomy. He called the heart the most important organ in the heart. We think it’s important because it brings oxygen into our body and blood. He thought that it was because of the vital heat in our body. The respiratory system was used to cool off this heat. It was where you had rational thought, controlled movement, essentially what we know the brain controls. When you get agitated or nervous or excited, your heart starts to race, so he thought the heart controlled emotion. He thought the brain did sympathy(feeling together) The brain cooled off the heart, vaporization and the brain is what is cooling off the heart. If someone gets hit in the head, and lose balance, he thought that it was because the brain was no longer able to cool the heart and that’s why you lost balance.
The reason he thought there were so many chambers, the right atrium was just an extension of the venicata, so the left atrium and a two ventrical heart. So three chambers.
Animals with three chambered hearts
Amphibians(3 chambered hearts), turtles(three chamber hearts-septated), birds and mammals(4 chambered heart).
No one really knows why Aristotle thought we had a three chambered heart.
Galen knew there was a four chambered heart.
Structure of the heart.
Do not need to know the flow of the blood.
Know endocardium, spetum, aorta,
Combining Forms for the cardiovascular system
Vessel angi/o angiography (process)/angiograph (device)/angiogram (record)
Vas/o vasectomy (removal) / vasoligation (process –lig-tying off something)
Vascul/o vascular (adj. ) Vasculogenesis(the process of creating vessels)
NB L. vas=vessel; eg. Vas deferens (the vessel to carry away from) vas afferens(vessel to carry towards) vas aberrans(vessel that was wondering off or away from)
Gr. Graphein-to draw or write
-graphy –process/act
-graph-device
-gram-picture, record
-graft-transplanted tissue or the process of transplanting tissue
Ligation (L. ligare-to bind)
Combining forms for the cardiovascular system
Aorta aort/o aortoclasia (breaking of the aorta)/ aortomalacia (soft aorta)
Atery arteri/o arteriosclerosis (hardening of the artery) arteriorrhexis (rupture of the artery)/ arteriolitis (arteriole)
Ateriole and venule
Fatty paste (lipid) ather/o artherosclerosis (species of arteriole sclerosis
Gr. Athere-gruel
Heart cardi/o cardiomyopathy(heart muscle disease)/cardiotachometer(heart speed measurer)
NBL Cor=heart eg. Cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart, right ventricle is hypertrophic, obstruction of the pulmonary artery)
Circle, Crown Coron/o coronary artery disease
Corona-garland or crown
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Coroner ( the guard of the crown, started by Richard the lion heart to get money, would make sure the taxes were collected.)(does an autopsy, he would see about deaths to see if they were natural or others and if they were buried, so that they wouldn’t get taxed)
Myscle my/o myocardial infarct (muscle of the heart is stuffed)
Symptomatic and diagnostic terms
What is an infarct?
L. to stuff in
Constriction, atheromatcus plaque, thrombus, embolus, ischemia, infarction
Chest pector/o pectoralgia (chest pain) pectoriloquy (chest speech)
Steth/o stethomyositis (chest muscles) stethoscope (comes from the shape and who invented it)
Rene T. H. Laennec-1816 made a device that looked like a telescope but he would listen to heart beats of larger people that he couldn’t get a chance to hear the heart beat
Pulse sphygm/o sphygmomanometer (device that measures the pulse with the hand)
Clot thromb/o thrombocyte/thrombogenic(adj. ability to form a clot) /thromboplastic(formation of a clot)
Swollen, twisted vein varic/o varicosis (condition of vessels being twisted)/varix/varices (one/more than one twisted vein)
Vein ven/o venous hyperemia (venus pooling)/ venovenostomy(-stomy making an opening )(venoveno-two veins)
Phleb/o phlebotomy (incision into the vein)(draw blood)/phlebectopia (condition where the vein is outplaced) phlebectasia(dialation of a vein)
Atrium atri/o interatrial septum (division between the atrium) atrioseptopexy (fixation of the septum and the atrium)(repair when you have a defect)/atriotome(-tome device that cuts into the atrium)
Ventricle ventricul/o ventricular (pertaining to the little belly)/atrioventricular(pertaining to the atrium and ventricle)
Roman Atrium (the foreroom)
Gr. Stoma-mouth
Anastomosis (putting two veins together)
L. loqui –to speak –phas/o
Amphoriloquy (deep sound)
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