Integumentary system
“Hey Bart, your epidermis is showing. See your epidermis means ‘your hair’ so technically its true.’-Nelson muntz
Today’s Lecture
History
Function of skin
Terminology
Combining forms
Anatomic terms
Things to focus on
Abbreviations not important, medications aren’t important (endings are important)
Combining forms and anatomical terms know how to break words into component parts.
Myedimology.com
Integumentary System
L. Integumentum-convering, cloak, or disguise
Integumentary System (parts)
Includes
Skin and its appendages
Hair, nails, sweat, sebaceous glands
Integumentary System (Behavior and function)
First line of defense against bacteria, chemicals, and injury
Helps regulate temperature-sweat
Prevents water loss or gain
Sensory
Does not help with respiration unless you are a frog or worm
Ancient notions of skin breathing
Blood vessels ‘breath’ through pores in the skin
Via movement vessels draw in and expel out air (pneuma) through channels in the skin
Regulates heat in the body.
Breathing in bringing in cold hair and cools off the heat in the body
Breathing out you get rid of the heat in your body
Proponents of skin breathing
Empedocles (c. 492-432) Philosopher/physician
Galen (AD 129-c. 210)physicians/ philosopher
Combining forms (same meaning)
Adip/o fat adipoid(fat …)/adipocyte(fat cell)
Lip/o fat lipoma(fat bump)/lipocele(hernia with fat inside)
Steat/o fat steatolytic(dissolving fat)/steatopygia (condition of fat in the butt)
Combining forms
What are the three combining forms of the skin?
Derm/o skin epidermis(upon the dermis)/dermad(toward or to the skin)
Dermat/o dermatomyoma(tumor skin muscle)/dermatogens(a substance that creates skin)
Cutane/o subcutaneous(under the skin)
The skin (diagram)
Basal and squamous layer are in the epidermis
Dermis
Then subcutaneous
Epidermis
Squamous layer –(L. Squama-scale, ie fish, armor)
Stratum(stretched out thing) corneum(hard)
Basal Layer (l. basis-foundation, pedestal, base)
Stratum germinativum
Germinare – to spring forth, produce
L. –ivum capacity to/ability to
Dermis
True skin
Connective tissue layer
Contains:
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Nerves and nerve endings
Glands
Hair follicles
Network of elastic and collagen fibers(…)
Subcutaneous
Layer below dermis
Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose fat layer
Epithelium (upon nipple structure)
Types of epithelium
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Pseudostratified columnar
Transitional
NB Thel/o nipple eg poly thelia
Combining forms (same meaning)
Corne/o hard stratum corneum
Corn/I cornification(process of making something hard, deals with the skin hard)
NB corne/o = cornea of the eye
Cornu cutaneum (the skin horn)
Person has excessive tumor of skin growth
Cornucopia (the horn of plenty)
Associated with zeus feeling sorry for the goat he makes the horn to produce whatever the holder of it wants. Always associated with some river god with a male holding the horn with grapes and agricultural products coming out of it.
Combining forms (same meaning)
Corne/o hard stratum corneum
Sclera/o scleroderma(red scaley skin)/ corneosclera (is the white of the eye)
Kerat/o Hard (horn) keratin (substance that makes something hard)/hyperkeratosis ( a condition with excessive hard skin)
Triceratops (three cerat means horn)
Sudor/I sweat sudoriferous(adj. pertaining to conveying or carrying a sweat)/sudorific(producing sweat)
Hidr/o hidropoiesis(formation of sweat)/hidrosis(condition of sweat or excessive sweating)
NB hidr/o-sweat vs. hydr/o-water
Plas/o formation dysplasia (condition or faulty, difficult or painful formation)/fibroplasia(condition of fiber formation)
-plastic fibroplastic (pertaining to fiber formation)
-plast(id) chloroplast (substance that forms something green) organelle that’s inside the plant that creates the green
Hist/o tissue histoclastic (noun)
Histi/o histioblast(noun)
Suffix –Blast
-blast (gr. Blastos-germ, shoot, or sprout)-thing in an embryonic state of development
Suffix –clast
-clast (gr. Klastos-broken) thing that breaks down a substance
Combing forms
Sarc/o flesh(soft tissue/muscle/fat) sarcoma (tumor of flesh)/sarcomere(a structure that contacts in the muscle mer/o part mere part)/sarcolemma (the membrane that goes around the sarcomere –lemma membrane)/sarcophagidae(fly that eats flesh)
Sarcophagus (put the body of the flesh in a casing that eats the flesh)
Combining forms
Skin vs tissue vs flesh, what’s the difference?
Skin is an organ and is composed of different types of tissues
Tissue is a group or collection of similar cells and their intercellular substance that act together for a particular function
Flesh is soft tissue, especially the muscles, of an animal
Onych/o nail onychocryptosis(condition of a hidden nail, ingrown toe nail or hair)
Paronychia(condition alongside the nail, inflammation alongside the nailbed)
Onyx (stone has sort of the color of the nail)
Myc/o fungus mycosis (condition of fungus)/mycoderma(mucous membrane)
NB myc/o can also mean mucous. Gr. Mykes-means fungus and the gr. Mykos means mucous
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