Cardiovascular System
Today’s lecture:
History
Galen’s model of the cardiovascular system, circulation and William Harvey, pulse terminology and herophilus
Terms
Symptomatic and diagnostic
Galen’s cardiovascular system
Tripartite soul- Liver(has a soul, or power for appitite, natural spirit.), heart(l. vertical where the heat is, vital spirit), brain(Animal spirit, ventricals of the brain)
Venous blood(dark red) vs. arterial blood(light red) blood is made in the liver, nutritious value, all veins come from the liver. Lungs take away the impurities of the blood. all arteries come from the heart. Goes out to the body. But to keep the body warm. Goes up to the brain into the miraculous neck. Nerves are in the brain.
Pores in septum
No circulation blood has to be eaten up by the body.
Leonardo’s Galenic Heart
Saw the body through Galen’s eyes.
Circulation and William Harvey
For the concept of a circuit of the blood does not destroy, but rather advances traditional medicine.
William Harvey 1649
Had an idea of a pulmonary circulation, corrected galen on the pores.
Harvey’s Proof
Calculation of blood produced each day.
Valves and direction of blood
Color of the blood in the pulmonary vein
Circulation
Process of blood moving in circles. Three different types of circulation.
Types of Circulation
Coronary (oxygen to heart)
Pulmonary (blood gets oxygenated, through the lungs)
Systemic (after it goes through the blood)
Symptomatic Terms
A narrowing of the mitral valve is a stenotic bicuspid valve.
Mitre (gr. Mitra-headband, Persian head-dress)
Diagnostic terms
Bradycardia and tachycardia are placed under what broad diagnostic category?
Arrhythmia/disrhythmia
Herophilus and the pulse terminology
Herophilus (c. 330-260 BC) he’s thinking the arteries not the heart
Diastole-gr. Diastellein-to exapand
Systole-gr. Systellein-to contract
Rhythm-gr. Rhuthmos-proportion how regular it is.
Diagnosis/prognosis
Believed that different ages you had a different heart rate
Symptomatic terms
Aneurysm
Eury-wide, broad
Europe, Europe and the euro
Europa, wide face, she’s a princess, she’s wondering around the seashore, zeus thinks she attractive, and he turns into a bull, he wisps her off and she has three kids. Could never find her, so that’s why Europe is named what it is. Euro greek one has europa on it.
Euro means Europe
Types of aneurysms
Saccular l. saccus-bag, sack
Saccus lacrimalis (tear sack)
Fusiform l. fusus-spindle
Dissecting l. dis-apart + secare-to cut
Transaction(cutting aross)
A:normal
B:saccular
C:fusiform
D:dissecting
Symptomatic terms
A patient comes to your office c/o profuse sweating( diaphoreisis), chest pain (angina pectoris) and racing heartbeats(palpitations). What are the medical terms for this patients conditions?
Diaphoresis (phoresis=gr. Phorein-to bear or carry)
Angina pectoris
Palpitation (l. palpitare-to move quickly, tremble, or throb)
NB. Palpation (l. palpare-to stroke or touch)
What is the term which literally means ‘a condition where blood is held back’?
Ischemia gr. Ischein-to hold back
NB. Ischi/o ischium bone of your hip.
What is the difference between constriction(narrows), occlusion(closed off completely), and obstruction(blocked, but some flow going through)?
Constriction
Constringere-to draw together
Con-together
Stringere-to draw tight
Stricture
Occlusion
Occludere-
Ob-before, in front of
Claudere-to shut, close
Fetal inclusion(blocked in) when you have twins, and one is inside the other one.
Malocclusion(bad closing off) talking about teeth, not a good closure
Obstruction
Ob-before, in front of
Struere-to build, pile up
Plaque build up in a vessel
Symptomatic terms
What is the difference between a thrombus(stationary blood clot) and an embolus(blood clot that is moving)?
Thrombus gr.thrombos-for lump, piece)-stationary blood clot
Embolus gr. Emballein-to throw into-a clot carried in the blood stream that obstructs a vessel
Embolus (gr.)
Rostrum(l. beak/prowel of a war ship) and the rostra
NB. Rostrum(nose, animal with beak), rostrate(beak like structure), rostrocaudal (pertaining to the tail, and the nose or the beak, head to tail)
L. Fundere-to pour
Perfusion (per-)to pour through an area
Effusion (ec-)pouring out of fluid into another space
Suffusion (sub-) pouring on lotion on something
Infusion (in-) pouring into the body (IV)
Diffusion(dis-) pouring apart higher concentration moving to a lower concentration (osmosis)
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