Friday, February 11, 2011

2/11/11 Class notes

Integumentary System
                ‘It’s just a flesh wound’
Today’s lecture
                Pg. 121 on (Just study what’s in the lecture)
                History: treatment of lesions
                Terminology: Types of lesions, general symptomatic and diagnostic terms, grafts, know the pictures of lesion differences.
What’s the difference between a lesion and a wound?
Wound vs. lesion
                Wound-Break in the continuity of soft parts of the body caused by violence or trama to the tissue
                Lesion L. Laidere-to strike hurt, injure, damage
                                Pathologically altered tissue
                                Injury or wound
                NB Nemo laeditur nisi a se ipso (no one is wounded unless by himself)
Hippocratic care for lesions
                On Ulcers (Gr. Helkos)
                                Classification of ulcers
                                                Time(chronic/acute, summer/winter), area(where it occurs, arms/belly more blood flow), drainage(pus(blood turns into pus), blood(‘good bleeding’ but not too much), clean(drying it out ASAP), clear)
                                Treatments
                                                Bandages and dressings(astringent, or to moist things, wine, vinegar, honey, copper, mer, frankensence), regiment(more liquid less food, so you don’t produce a lot of blood), evacuation(purging, enema, bleeding(if blood becomes pus, we don’t want too much blood), Get the food out of you(food turns into blood))
                In the surgery:
                                “Bandaging should be quick, without pain, with ease, and done with elegance.”
Disproving treatment of bleeding
                Juice from a fig tree
                Oros clots milk; therefore, oros will clot blood
                In actuality, the juice prevents clotting
Primary and secondary and vascular lesions (P. 106)
                Know these shapes!! Bigger or larger in the category
                Primary lesion(change on previously normal skin) caused by disease or pathological change
                Secondary lesion (sequala, occur as a result of the disease)
                Puritis – severe itching
                Excoriation ( secondary lesion caused by scratching)
                Any type of lesion that’s vascular in nature is a vascular lesion.
Primary lesions: discolored nonpalable
                Macula-L. physical spot or moral stain
                -ex. Freckle, macula lutea, immaculate (in-into im-not)(without spot)
                Patch-flat discolored area larger than 1cm (eg. Vitiligo=leukoderma)
                L. vitium-fault, defect, blemish, imperfection
                In vitio esse (to be in fault)
Primary lesions: elevated, palpable solid masses
                Plaque – M. Fr.-metal plate, coin (e.g. psoriasis) (like a coin , an edge that’s raised but flat on top) lion head over head (hercules)
                Nodule-L. nodulus(little knot) nodus (large knot) lymph node
                Nodule, solid, raised, goes below the epidermis
Primary Lesions: elevated formed with fluid
                Vesicle-L. vesicular little bladder, anything made from a bladder or purse)
                Fever blister(herpes labialis) herpes (creepy and crawly thing of the lip)
                Vesica biliaris(gallbladder) bladder of bial
                Bulla- L. round swelling, an amulet poison oak or poison ivy
                The amulet filled with little penis’ inside to help turn away evil, mark of a child
Seconday Lesions
                Excoriation-L. Ex-out + corium-hide ation –process
                Keloid-gr. Kele-swelling, hernia + -iod (scar that goes out beyond the bounds that it should)
                Hypertrophic scarring hyper-excessive troph-nourishment
                NB. Troph/o-nourishment
                Trop means to turn
                What is the medical term for scar?
                                Singular Cicatrix-pl. cicatrices
                Cicatrices corpora adverso exceptae (scars received on the front of the body)
Vascular Lesions
                Talangioectasia
                                Tel, tele-Gr. Telos-end/gr. Tele-distance
                                Angi/o-vessel
                                -ectasis-dilation
                                Dilations of the vessels that are the small ones
                Ecchymosis-bruise(humor is coming out)
                                Ec-out/away
                                Chym-gr. Chymos-juice or humor
Know the common term
                Nevus-mole
                Verruca-wart
                Furuncle-biol
                Urticaria-hives
                Pruritus-itching
Memorize common terms
Know the common term
                If someone is saying nice comedo, he is saying?
                                You have a zit
                l. comedo-I eat up, consume
diagnostic terms
                phagedena
                gr. Phagedaina- ‘the devouring disease’
                today the term phagedena and phagedenic is used for a sloughing(separeation from dead tissue to living tissue) ulcer that spreads quickly.
Diagnostic terms:personification
Gangrene (gr. Gangraina-grao-I gnaw)
Impetigo(l. impetere-to attack) caused by a strain of bacteria(staphylococcus aureus) that produces a toxin which splits the epidermis (very contagious)
                Herpes zoster= shingles
                Herp/o herpet/o-crawling or creeping
                Zoster-gr. Girdle
                Ninth layer of Hercules-must conquer of amazon
                Lupus-(l. wolf) autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
                Tinea-L.Worm fungal skin diseases
                                Tinea corporis(ring worm of the body)
                                Tinea barbae(ring worm of beer)
                                Tinea pedis(ring worm of the foot)
                                Tinea capitis= (of the head) tinea tonsurans which is cutting
                                Tinea cruris(groin, crotch)
                                Tinea manus(hand)
Alopecia and fox mange
                Baldness, not mange.  Alopecia (mange of the fox)
                Mange (mites)
                Alopecia(baldness today)
Scabies
                Scabies(l. scabere-to scratch) a contagious infestation of the skin with the itch mite causing intense itching and papules and vesular
Diagnostic terms
                Ichtheyosis
Operative terms
                Autograft-Gr. Autos self(tissue from self onto self)
                Homograft-Gr. Homos-same(tissue of same species onto self)
                Allograft-allos other of several
                Xenograft-foreign
                Heterograft-other of two
NB graft(carve out tissue) vs. graph(divise you measure with.)
Diagnostic tests and procedures
                Biopsy- (bio-life + opsy-view, gr. Opsis-vision) removal of small piece of living tissue for microscopic exams
                Autopsy( looking at it for youself, like a cadaver)

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